First Aid on the Spot: Treating Different Types of Injuries

In emergencies, timely and accurate first aid can make a crucial difference. Dr. Maya Tandon, an anesthesiology specialist and former member of the National Road Safety Council, shares essential tips for managing various injuries until medical help arrives.

1. Head Injuries

Head injuries can be serious, especially if cerebrospinal fluid starts leaking from the nose, ears, or mouth (appearing like a clear fluid).

What to do:

• Do not attempt to clean the fluid.

• Avoid blocking the ears or nose.

• You may apply a light bandage if needed.

• If the person is unconscious but breathing, keep them in the recovery position (on their side).

2. Nosebleed (Epistaxis)

Causes:

• Trauma or accident

• High blood pressure

• Exposure to dry or cold climates

• Infections or frequent sneezing

First Aid for Nosebleeds:

• Ask the person to sit upright and lean slightly forward.

• Pinch the soft part of the nose with fingers and ask them to breathe through their mouth for 5 minutes.

• Apply a cold compress on the nose or forehead.

• Repeat pressure in 15-20 minute intervals if needed.

• Seek medical help if bleeding doesn’t stop within 20 minutes, or if the person becomes dizzy or unconscious.

3. Chest Injuries

Chest injuries are often critical and may involve broken ribs or damage to blood vessels or lungs.

What to do:

• Look for symptoms like pain, breathing difficulty, and blood discharge from the mouth.

• Keep the person calm and seated in a half-sitting position.

• Cover any open wound with a clean cloth.

• Get immediate medical attention.

Remember:

Quick and correct first aid can prevent complications and save lives. Always consult a medical professional or rush to a hospital in case of severe injuries.